Alzheimer N2 – PHASIC REM and PETS in Zone 2 - Decolonial Neuroscience SfN 2025 NIRS EEG
Alzheimer N2 – PHASIC REM and PETS in Zone 2 - Decolonial Neuroscience SfN 2025 NIRS EEG
Consciousness in First Person
“I wake up and I cannot recall my granddaughter’s name. Yet I feel the warmth of her hand.
My mind fails, but my body still knows how to belong.
In the silence of forgetting, something still pulses: breath, affection, the dream that insists on staying.
I am consciousness between absences and presences, seeking Zone 2, where sensing is stronger than the loss of memory.”
The Shock of PETS
Our society cares lovingly for its pets, yet too often sets aside its elders, as if old age had no value.
In Amerindian cultures it was the opposite: elders were lighthouses of the community, guardians of memory and collective spirit.
From this contrast arises the expanded meaning of PETS in Zone 2:
Belonging – fusion with Pachamama, body-territory, and the planetary community.
Eating Disorders – fasting as a ritual of clarity, not deprivation.
Special Walks – long walks in nature that awaken interoception and deep bonds.
Avatars of the Journey
Brainlly – shows that dreams in PHASIC REM are networks of emotional memory; EEG maps this architecture.
Iam – reminds that fasting and ketosis reorganize neuronal energy; NIRS confirms efficiency in cortical oxygen use.
Olmeca – reclaims the role of elders, valued as living memory of the collective.
Yagé – teaches that walking is belonging; each step is communion with territory.
Math/Hep – describes how EEG microstates lose flexibility in Alzheimer’s but can reorganize in Zone 2.
DANA (DNA Avatar) – recalls DNA as fluid intelligence, preserving plasticity even amid decline.
PHASIC REM, Interoception and Memory
Alzheimer’s disease is deeply tied to PHASIC REM and interoception.
PHASIC REM is the stage of vivid dreams, where rapid eye movements and complex oscillations consolidate emotional memory and synaptic plasticity.
In Alzheimer’s, loss of PHASIC REM weakens the emotional thread that stitches memories together.
Interoception persists: the body still recognizes an embrace, a scent, a touch.
Amerindian metaphor: it is as if the village dreamed together around the fire. When the collective dream is interrupted, the people’s memory dissolves.
Fasting and Belonging Walks
Indigenous traditions practiced ritual fasting and long walks as paths of spirituality and health.
Today science confirms:
Intermittent fasting reduces inflammation and enhances cognitive clarity.
Walks in nature increase prefrontal oxygenation (NIRS) and enhance alpha synchrony (EEG), strengthening the sense of belonging.
Not just exercise: but a return to the Body-Territory, where each step is communion with all living beings.
Zone 2: Belonging and Community of Life
Zone 1: life reduced to survival tension.
Zone 3: body and mind hijacked by ideology and consumerism.
Zone 2: fruition, metacognition, and expanded belonging — fusion with Pachamama, Apus, and the planetary community.
Here, even without full memory, the body finds meaning through sensing. Alzheimer’s does not erase the living essence pulsing in each moment.
NIRS and EEG Evidence: numbers that reinforce the paradigm
qEEG studies confirm that in Alzheimer’s and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) there is reduced coherence in alpha and beta bands and increased theta and delta power, marking cortical slowing. (Yuan, 2025; Zhang et al., 2023)
Multimodal research with EEG + fNIRS + gait shows that older adults with cognitive impairment display reduced prefrontal connectivity and higher cognitive cost when walking while performing dual tasks. (Kim, 2023; Wang et al., 2022)
TD-fNIRS studies during verbal fluency and working memory tasks achieved high accuracy in distinguishing MCI from healthy controls (AUC ≈ 0.92). (Dubois et al., 2025)
Trials monitored with EEG and NIRS identified changes in alpha, theta, and beta rhythms, along with cortical oxyhemoglobin variations, linked to cognitive improvement after digital interventions. (Zhang et al., 2023)
Thus, ancestral rituals of dreaming, fasting, and walking now also appear as objective data: EEG graphs and NIRS curves translate into numbers the experience of fruition, belonging, and interoception.
Motivational Closing
Alzheimer’s is not only loss: it is also invitation.
Invitation to feel before remembering.
Invitation to live each instant as body-territory, part of Pachamama.
Invitation to re-enchant the world with belonging, even when names fade.
In Zone 2, the Alzheimer’s patient may forget words, but never loses the essence of being alive:
“I feel, therefore I belong.”
Post-2020 References (no links)
Lucey, B.P., et al. (2021). Reduced non-REM slow-wave sleep is associated with tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease. Science Translational Medicine.
Winer, J.R., et al. (2020). Sleep as a potential biomarker of Alzheimer’s disease. Nature Reviews Neurology.
Scullin, M.K., et al. (2021). REM sleep and memory consolidation in aging and neurodegeneration. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences.
Tatti, E., et al. (2021). EEG biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease: microstates and network flexibility. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
Pinti, P., et al. (2020). The use of fNIRS in aging and dementia: new horizons. NeuroImage.
Wang, Y., et al. (2022). Assessment of brain function in cognitive impairment using gait and fNIRS. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.
Kim, M., et al. (2023). Multimodal monitoring of Alzheimer’s with EEG, fNIRS and gait. Journal of Neural Engineering.
Dubois, J., et al. (2025). Functional neuroimaging biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment using TD-fNIRS. npj Aging.
Yuan, Y. (2025). Quantitative EEG biomarkers in Alzheimer’s disease. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). EEG and NIRS biomarkers in digital interventions for Alzheimer’s. Frontiers in Neuroscience.
Graeber, D., Wengrow, D. (2021). The Dawn of Everything: A New History of Humanity.
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